什么是振动监测？

自车轮发明以来，振动一直是一个问题。将车轮安装到轴或轴上后，不圆度和不平衡成为主要问题。随着工业革命的到来，工程师们开始设计越来越高的速度的机器，以更好的轴承来满足许多不同的目的。

在早期，人的感觉是通过感觉，声音和视力来完成的。许多人讲故事，说明如何平衡机器边缘的硬币，以衡量光滑度。还有一些故事，人们使用扫帚机握在机器上并紧贴耳朵，听到内部轴承的声音。即便如此，众所周知，运转缓慢的机器很快就崩溃了。

当然，技术已经突飞猛进。现在可以使用振动传感器，将振动非常精确地测量到人类无法分辨的极小水平，并可以对其进行客观和重复的测量，从而有助于防止代价高昂的故障和生产损失。已收集历史经验数据以提供允许振动水平的指导。 （技术说明112振动强度等级ISO 10816-1）

利用当今的技术，监视旋转机械振动的决定是基于ROI（投资回报率）的，并且在考虑机器维修或更换成本以及生产损失时，通常非常容易证明这一点。 （请参阅机器类监视字段应用说明）

两种类型的振动传感器在当今市场上处于主导地位，加速度计和接近探头。加速度计用于测量滚动轴承上的轴承盖振动，而近程探头用于允许轴在轴承孔内移动的轴颈或光滑孔轴承上。

现在可以以不到100美元的价格购买加速度计，并以低于400.00美元的价格将完整的传感器套件连接到PLC / DCS计算机系统。

本质上，振动传感器安装在关键轴承上，并与工厂计算机系统或专用振动监控系统相连。然后设置两个警报级别（“警告”和“危险”），以警告操作员需要维护，或者在“危险警报”情况下关闭机器以防止故障。在某些情况下，危险警报会连接到机器自动关闭。

在昂贵的关键机械的情况下，每个轴承可以使用多个传感器，并监控机械传动系的每个轴承。在不太关键的机器上，每个轴承可以使用单个传感器。在较小的电动机驱动设备上，由于可以廉价地更换电动机，因此只能监视从动设备。

如今，受监控的旋转设备包括泵，电动机，压缩机，离心机，涡轮机，发电机，齿轮箱，风扇，鼓风机，空气处理器，冷却器和所有其他旋转机械。

请随时与STI振动监测公司联系，以获取有关您机器的建议。我们将为您提供最适合您旋转设备的最实用，成本最低的解决方案。

What is Vibration Monitoring?

Since the invention of the wheel Vibration has been an issue. Once wheels were mounted to an axle or shaft, out of roundness and unbalance became prime concerns. As the industrial revolution arrived engineers began designing higher and higher speed machinery to serve many different purposes along with better bearings.

Human senses did the job by feel, sound and eyesight in the early days. Many people tell stories of balancing a coin on edge on a machine as a measurement of smoothness. Other stories have people using broomsticks held on the machine and against their ear to hear internal bearing sounds. It was well known even then that rough running machines soon broke down.

Technology has of course moved forward in leaps and bounds. Vibration sensors are now available that measure vibration very accurately to extremely small levels that humans cannot differentiate and allow it to be objectively and repeatedably measured helping to prevent costly breakdowns and loss of production. Historical empirical data has been gathered to provide guidelines of allowable vibration levels. (Tech Note 112 Vibration Severity Level ISO 10816-1)

With today’s technology the decision to monitor the vibration of a piece of rotating machinery is based ROI (Return on Investment) and is usually very easy to justify when considering the machine repair or replacement costs along with loss of production. (See Machine Class Monitoring Field Application Note)

Two types of vibration sensors dominate the market today, Accelerometers and Proximity Probes. Accelerometers are used to measure the bearing cap vibration on rolling element bearings and Proximity Probes are used on Journal or Smooth Bore Bearings where the shaft is allowed to move within the bearing bore.

Accelerometers can now be purchased for under $100.00 and complete sensor package ready to be connected to PLC/DCS computer systems for under $400.00.

In essence Vibration sensors are mounted on the critical bearings and wired to the plant computer system or to a dedicated vibration monitoring system. Two alarm levels (Alert and Danger) are then set to alert the operator that maintenance attention is needed or in the case of Danger Alarm to shut the machine down to prevent failure. In some cases the Danger Alarm is wired to automatic machine shutdown.

In the case of expensive critical machinery multiple sensors may be used per bearing with each bearing of the machine train monitored. On less critical machines a single sensor may be used per bearing. On smaller motor driven equipment only the driven equipment may be monitored as the motor can inexpensively be replaced.

Today monitored rotating equipment includes pumps, motors, compressors, centrifuges, turbines, generators, gear boxes, fans, blowers, air handlers, chillers, and all other rotating machinery.

Please feel free to contact STI Vibration Monitoring Inc. for a recommendation for your machine. We will offer you the most practical and lowest cost solution suitable for your rotating equipment.